healthwithsamari

 Description  An ulcer is an open sore in the stomach or intestine. Peptic ulcer is as an excavation that forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach in the pylorus, in the duodenum or in the esophagus (Smeltzer et al, 2014). It is frequently referred to as a gastric, duodenal or esophageal ulcer depending on its location. It is defined by the erosion of a circumscribed area of the mucous membrane.  Epidemiology Peptic ulcer disease accounts for approximately 10% of adult admissions into any health facility worldwide. It is more common in people between the ages of 40 and 60 years, and uncommon in women of child bearing age. It has also been observed in children and infants. Duodenal ulcers account for about 80% of peptic ulcer diseases and occurs most often in males aged between 20 and 30 years. Gastric ulcer tends to occur in middle aged and the elderly over 50 years. The risk of peptic ulcer disease increases among chronic users of ulcerogenic drugs such as Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammat

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE STOMACH The stomach is roughly J-shaped, although its size and shape vary considerably. It tends to be high and transverse in the obese short subject and to be elongated in the asthenic individual; even in the same person, its shape depends on whether it is full or empty, on the position of the body and on the phase of respiration. The stomach has two surfaces the anterior and posterior, two curvatures the greater and lesser: and two orifices- the cardiac and pylorus. The stomach projects to the left, above the level of the cardiac, to form the dome-like gastric fundus. Between the cardiac and the pylorus lies the body of the stomach leading to a narrow portion, immediately preceding the pylorus, which is termed the pyloric antrum. The junction of the body with the pyloric antrum is marked by a distinct notch on the lesser curvature termed the incisura angularis. The junction of pylorus with duodenum is marked by a constriction externally and also by a con

According to Healthline, 80% of women experience painful menstruation, also known as dysmenorrhea, which is a common condition.  During the menstrual cycle, it is characterized by cramps, soreness, and other discomfort. Primary and secondary dysmenorrhea are the two main forms. The most typical type of dysmenorrhea, primary dysmenorrhea, is not brought on by an underlying medical issue. Less often occurring secondary dysmenorrhea is brought on by an underlying medical problem such endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease. Primary dysmenorrhea is assumed to be brought on by the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like chemicals that induce the uterus to contract but the specific etiology of this condition is yet unknown. Pain and inflammation may be brought on by these contractions. Several factors, such as the following, can aid in the prevention or mitigation of painful menstruation, including: using painkillers that are available over-the-counter, such as ibuprofen or n

What is Masturbation? Masturbation is the act of sexually stimulating one's own genitalia for the purpose of arousing oneself or another person, typically to the point of orgasm. Any combination of hands, fingers, commonplace items, sex toys like vibrators, or all of these things may be used to stimulate. For both men and women, masturbation is a normal and healthy sexual habit. The effects of masturbation on sperm count have been thoroughly examined recently, with a variety of results, despite concerns about its potential consequences on male fertility. The study on this topic will be examined in this article, and we'll see if there is any proof to back up the idea that masturbation can cause sperm counts to drop. Prior to anything else, it's critical to understand that there is no scientific support for the claim that masturbation lowers sperm count. In reality, a recent comprehensive evaluation of the scientific literature came to the conclusion that there is no evidence

Spina bifida is part of a group of birth defects called neural tube defects. It is caused by a defect in the neural arch generally in the lumbosacral region. spina bifida is a failure of the posterior laminae of the vertebrae to close; this leaves an opening through which the spinal meninges and spinal cord may protrude. SPINA BIFIDA CLASSIFICATION   Spina bifida can be classified into three: 1) Spina bifida occulta. A bony defect that occurs without soft tissue involvement. The defect is only in the vertebrae, the spinal cord and meninges are usually normal. A child with this may be symptomless. 2) Spina bifida with meningocele. When part of the spinal meninges protrudes through the bony defect and forms a cystic sac. Is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and covered with skin. 3) Spina bifida with myelomeningocele. In spina bifida with myelomeningocele, there is a protrusion of the spinal cord and the meninges, with nerve roots embedded in the wall of the cyst. NB Meningomyeloceles/ mye

The accurate name for what were previously referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases (VDs) is sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They emerge as a result of the transmission of bacteria, viruses, or parasites during sexual contact with the vagina, anus, mouth, or any of the membranes lining the urinary genital tracts. All sexually active people should be informed of the different STI kinds, especially the ones that are most frequently transferred by the general population. Even for the same condition, different persons experience different STI symptoms, and many people experience none at all. Moreover, getting a STI can have serious repercussions. Some STIs slow the spread of the disease and raise the risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS. STIs, particularly in women and young children, can result in long-term health issues. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, cervical cancer, and perinatal or congenital infections

 Definition of terms Behavior : refers to the action or reaction of something under a specific circumstances or observable responses produced by an organism. Therapy : refers to any attempted remediation of a health problem following a diagnose. Treatments for behavior change It was shown that phobias might be acquired through paired association and reinforced by avoidance and escapist behavior.Scientists proposed that using the same principles, what could be taught could perhaps be unlearned. Here are a few examples of behavior therapy or modification therapy for anxiety disorders. Exposure therapy Response prevention Systemic desensitization Aversion therapy Modeling Shaping Exposure Therapy:  Exposure is the act of continuously confronting or facing one's worries in order to make them go away. Habituation is a behavioral theory that underlies the effectiveness of exposure therapy. Therefore, the term " habituation " refers to the process through which a person's be