healthwithsamari

DEFINITION Tuberculosis ( TB ) is an infectious disease caused by several species of mycobacterium that affects the lungs. It is caused mainly by mycobacterium tuberculosis and rarely by mycobacterium bovis or mycobacterium africanum.  Tuberculosis affects the lungs but may spread to almost any part of the body including the meninges, kidneys and bones . TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis is classified as;   Pulmonary tuberculosis, which affects the lungs   Extra pulmonary tuberculosis, which affects any part of the body other than lungs. PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS                                                                       This is the most common cause of tuberculosis infection.   It accounts for more than 80% of all cases of tuberculosis. The type of pulmonary tuberculosis is as follows;    Sputum smear – positive pulmonary tuberculosis ( sm+PTB ), this is a patient with sputum in which mycobacterium have been found on microscopy.   Sputum smear – Negative pulmonary patient

DEFINITION   Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, protein, fat, water and electrolytes characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia), Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or because the body cells do not respond to the insulin that is secreted or both. INCIDENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS The incidence is classified according to the types. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, approximately 50-60% of patients get the condition before 20years of age. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is much common than type 1, accounting for 80-90% of all cases. It occurs after the age of 40years with an insidious onset. It is common in women over 65years and men 60years. TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS On the basis of aetiology two main categories of diabetes are recognized, namely primary (idiopathic) diabetes and secondary diabetes. PRIMARY (IDIOPATHIC) DIABETES MELLITUS The great majority of cases seen belong to this group which consist of two main c